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Ch 06 - T6: Displacing Indigenous Peoples11th Themes in World History

Shift in European Imperialism

How did the pattern of European colonization change globally after the 17th century?

FACT

New Players in Colonization

Early Phase (Pre-17th Century): Global colonization was heavily dominated by Spain and Portugal, primarily focused on South America.
Later Phase (18th Century Onwards): The Iberian empires stagnated. Instead, France, Holland, and England emerged as the dominant powers, rapidly extending their trade networks and establishing new colonies across North America, Africa, and Asia.
The Irish Exception: Interestingly, Ireland functioned virtually as an internal colony of England during this period, with English settlers confiscating and owning the bulk of the land.

Prism Memory Hook

SPEF: Spain/Portugal (Early), England/France (Later).

The Term 'Settler'

Who specifically is referred to as a 'Settler' in the context of modern global colonization?

DEFINITION

Defining the Settler

Core Definition: People originating from Europe who permanently migrated, displaced indigenous populations, and settled in newly 'discovered' lands.
Regional Variations in Terminology:
- South Africa: The Dutch settlers were known as the Boers.
- Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia: Primarily referred to British migrants.
- North America: A blanket term for Europeans in general (British, French, Dutch, etc.).

Prism Memory Hook

A premium mnemonic for this topic is available in the Prism App.

Etymology of New World Nations

What are the specific historical or linguistic origins of the names 'America', 'Canada', 'Australia', and 'New Zealand'?

MEMORY

Naming the 'New World'

America: Named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci, following the publication of his travel accounts in 1507.
Canada: Derived from kanata (a Huron-Iroquois word meaning 'village'), which was recorded by French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1535.
Australia: Derived from the Latin word Austral (meaning 'South'), officially applied in the 16th century.
New Zealand: Named by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman (the first European to sight it in 1642); zee is the Dutch word for 'sea'.

Prism Memory Hook

Kanata means Village, Austral means South, Zee means Sea.

Also in this chapter

37 more cards to study in Prism

4Comparative Colonialism: India vs. The New World
5Economic Structure of North American Natives
6Diplomacy and Wampum Belts
7The Ideological Clash Over Land
8Primary Source: Chief Seattle (1854)
9European Perceptions of the Native
10The Myth of the 'Silent Indian'
11The Origins of Anthropology
12The Geopolitical Expansion of the USA
13The California Gold Rush
14Building the Transcontinental Railway
15The Speed of the Republic
16The Ecological Warfare against Natives
17The Cherokee Tragedy & The Trail of Tears
18The Reservation System
19Canada: The Métis Rebellions
20The Hypocrisy of Settler Democracy
21Historiography: We Were Not the Savages
22Karl Marx and the American Frontier
23Demographics: Segregation vs. Integration
24Reversing Policy: The 1934 Act
25Conditional Citizenship (1954)
26Canada's Constitution Act (1982)
27European Arrival in Australia
28The Australian Aborigines
29Torres Strait Islanders vs. Aborigines
30Cultural Misunderstanding: The Daruk People
31The Doctrine of Terra Nullius
32The Treaty of Waitangi (1840)
33Economic Pillars of Colonial Australia
34The Capital: Canberra
35The Stolen Generations
36Historiography: The Great Australian Silence
37Literary Activism: Judith Wright
38The End of 'White Australia'
39The Mabo Judgement (1992)
40National Sorry Day (1999)

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11th Themes in World History

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