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Ch 06 - The Crisis of Democratic Order12th Politics in India since Independence
The 1970s Economic Crisis: The Oil Shock
Which major international event in the early 1970s triggered massive inflation and economic hardship in India?
Which major international event in the early 1970s triggered massive inflation and economic hardship in India?
FACT
The Global Oil Shock
- The Event: A massive, sudden increase in international oil prices (triggered by global geopolitical conflicts like the 1973 Arab-Israeli War).
- The Domestic Impact: This caused a severe ripple effect across the Indian economy, leading to an all-round increase in the prices of essential commodities and freight.
- The Data: Inflation skyrocketed, with prices increasing by 23% in 1973 and 30% in 1974, creating intense economic hardship that fueled anti-government agitations.
Prism Memory Hook
Global Oil Hike triggered a Local Price Spike.
Economic Strain: The 1971 Refugee Crisis
How did the 1971 Bangladesh crisis severely compound India's domestic economic struggles in the early 1970s?
How did the 1971 Bangladesh crisis severely compound India's domestic economic struggles in the early 1970s?
FACT
The Demographic and Financial Burden
- The Refugee Influx: Fleeing the Pakistani military crackdown, approximately eight million refugees crossed the East Pakistan border into India.
- The War Cost: This humanitarian crisis was immediately followed by the costly 1971 Indo-Pak war.
- Foreign Aid Cut: Compounding the financial strain, the US government stopped all financial aid to India due to Cold War realignments (the US-Pak-China axis).
- Result: This massive diversion of national resources derailed economic development plans.
Prism Memory Hook
8 Million Refugees plus a US Aid Stop equaled Economic Strain.
Gujarat Movement (1974)
What were the primary causes of the student agitation in Gujarat in January 1974?
What were the primary causes of the student agitation in Gujarat in January 1974?
CASE_STUDY
Nav Nirman Movement
- Causes: Rising prices of food grains, cooking oil, essential commodities, and corruption in high places.
- Political Escalation: Major opposition parties joined, leading to the imposition of President's rule.
- Result: Assembly elections were held in June 1975 after Morarji Desai's fast, and the Congress was defeated.
Prism Memory Hook
**G**ujarat: **G**rain prices & **G**raft (Corruption).
Also in this chapter
43 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Cultural Reflection: 'Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi'
- 5Railway Strike of 1974
- 6The Bihar Movement (1974)
- 7The Naxalite Movement
- 8Total Revolution (Sampoorna Kranti)
- 9The Cult of Personality: 'Indira is India'
- 10The Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
- 11Executive Retaliation: The 1973 CJI Appointment
- 12The Judicial Trigger: Allahabad High Court Verdict
- 13The Supreme Court's Conditional Stay
- 14Press Censorship
- 15The Ramlila Maidan Rally (25 June 1975)
- 16The Imposition of the Emergency
- 17Cultural Resistance to the Emergency
- 18Banning of Socio-Religious Organizations
- 19The Shah Commission
- 20The Weaponization of Preventive Detention
- 21Judicial Capitulation: The ADM Jabalpur Case (1976)
- 22Shielding the Executive: The 39th Amendment
- 23Extending Power: The 42nd Amendment
- 24Emergency Excesses: Forced Sterilisation
- 25Urban Excesses: The Turkman Gate Incident
- 26Visual Analysis: The Irony of 'Saving Democracy'
- 27The Restoration of Democracy (1977)
- 28The Formation of the Janata Party (1977)
- 29Jagjivan Ram and the 'Congress for Democracy'
- 30The 1977 Election Verdict
- 31The Geographic Mandate: The 1977 North-South Divide
- 32Visual Analysis: 'Sweeping the Polls' (1977)
- 33The Janata Leadership Struggle (1977)
- 34Biographical Profile: Morarji Desai
- 35Biographical Profile: Chaudhary Charan Singh
- 36Visual Analysis: The Fall of the Janata Party
- 37The 1980 Mid-Term Elections
- 38Shah Commission Findings
- 39The Long-Term Legacy: Rise of OBC Politics
- 40The Rise of Civil Liberties Organizations
- 41Specifics of Press Resistance
- 42The Danger of 'Committed' Institutions
- 43Fixing the Flaws: The 44th Amendment
- 44Charu Majumdar & Naxalism
- 45Chimanbhai Patel & Navnirman
- 46NCCRS (Railway Strike)
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