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Ch 12 - T12: FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION: The Beginning of a New Era12th Themes in Indian History
Constituent Assembly: Definition
What is a 'Constituent Assembly', and what dual role did it play in independent India?
What is a 'Constituent Assembly', and what dual role did it play in independent India?
DEFINITION
Constituent Assembly
- Definition: An assembly of representatives elected or appointed for the specific purpose of drafting and adopting a constitution.
- Dual Role in India: It acted as both the constitution-making body and the provisional parliament (Dominion Legislature) of India until the first general elections were held in 1952.
Prism Memory Hook
Drafts the Law, Acts as the Legislature.
The Tumultuous Context of the 1940s
What major historical events created the 'tumultuous' backdrop against which the Constituent Assembly met?
What major historical events created the 'tumultuous' backdrop against which the Constituent Assembly met?
CONCEPT
A Decade of Upheaval
The Assembly convened amidst intense political instability and violence:
- 1942 Quit India Movement: A massive, widespread popular uprising against the British Raj.
- 1946 RIN Mutiny: An armed rebellion by the ratings of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay, showing a loss of British control over the armed forces.
- August 1946 (Great Calcutta Killings): Triggered a year of unprecedented communal rioting across northern and eastern India.
- 1947 Partition: Accompanied by massive violence, mass migration, and the painful division of the subcontinent.
Prism Memory Hook
Quit India, Naval Mutiny, Calcutta Killings, Partition.
Labour Government in Britain (1945)
How did the change of government in Britain in July 1945 accelerate the process of Indian independence?
How did the change of government in Britain in July 1945 accelerate the process of Indian independence?
FACT
The Labour Party Victory (1945)
- The Shift: Winston Churchill's Conservative Party was defeated, and the Labour Party came to power in Britain.
- The Stance: The Labour government was historically more sympathetic to Indian national demands for freedom compared to the imperialist Conservatives.
- The Action: They soon announced the dispatch of the Cabinet Mission to India to negotiate the formal framework for the transfer of power.
Prism Memory Hook
Labour Party hastened Liberty.
Also in this chapter
54 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
- 5Cabinet Mission: The 'Grouping' Plan
- 61946 Provincial Elections
- 7Direct Action Day
- 8The Interim Government (1946)
- 9Tryst with Destiny
- 10Jinnah and the Pakistan Assembly
- 11The Integration of Princely States
- 12Duration of Constitution Framing
- 13Composition of the Assembly
- 14Formation of the Drafting Committee
- 15Major Constituent Assembly Committees
- 16The Congress Trio
- 17Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Role
- 18The Bureaucratic Backbone
- 19Lawyers of the Drafting Committee
- 20Gandhi's Absence from the Assembly
- 21Public Input in Constitution Making
- 22Volume of the Assembly Debates
- 23Active Dissenters: Kamath & Shah
- 24The Objectives Resolution
- 25Nehru on Past Revolutions
- 26Nehru on 'Socialism' in the Objectives Resolution
- 27Universal Adult Franchise
- 28Secularism in the Constitution
- 29The World's Longest Constitution
- 30The Argument FOR Separate Electorates
- 31Sardar Patel on Separate Electorates
- 32G.B. Pant on the Dangers to Minorities
- 33Begum Aizaz Rasul's Stance
- 34N.G. Ranga's Economic Definition of 'Minority'
- 35Jaipal Singh's Vision for Tribals
- 36Dakshayani Velayudhan's Approach to Dalit Rights
- 37The Dalit Perspective: Systematic Marginalisation
- 38Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17)
- 39Hansa Mehta's Demand for Equality
- 40G.B. Pant on Democratic Citizenship
- 41The Push for a Strong Centre
- 42The Division of Powers: The Three Lists
- 43Article 356 (State Emergency)
- 44Fiscal Federalism: Revenue Division
- 45K. Santhanam's Warning on Centralization
- 46Gandhi's Linguistic Vision: Hindustani
- 47The Communalization of Language
- 48The Militant Push for Hindi: R.V. Dhulekar
- 49The Southern Backlash: Smt. G. Durgabai
- 50Shri Shankarrao Deo's Conditional Support
- 51T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar's Plea
- 52The Language Compromise (Article 343)
- 53Article 351: Promotion of Hindi
- 54The Radical Critique: Somnath Lahiri
- 55Criticism: A 'Slavish Imitation'
- 56Criticism: Educational Qualifications
- 57Adoption vs. Enforcement of the Constitution
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12th Themes in Indian History
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