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Ch 14 - Biodiversity and Conservation11th Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Concept of Biodiversity
What does the term 'Biodiversity' encompass beyond simply 'many animals'?
What does the term 'Biodiversity' encompass beyond simply 'many animals'?
DEFINITION
Definition of Biodiversity
- Etymology: Derived from bio (life) and diversity (variety).
- Definition: The total number and variety of living organisms found within a specified geographic region.
- Scope: It encompasses three levels:
- Variability within species (Genetic diversity).
- Variability between species (Species diversity).
- Variability between ecosystems (Ecosystem diversity).
- Origin: It is the result of 2.5 to 3.5 billion years of evolutionary history on Earth.
Prism Memory Hook
GSE: Genes, Species, Ecosystems
Genetic Diversity
Why do individuals within the same species exhibit different physical characteristics?
Why do individuals within the same species exhibit different physical characteristics?
CONCEPT
Genetic Diversity
- Definition: The variation of genes within a single species.
- Importance: It is essential for healthy breeding, preventing inbreeding depression, and enabling a population to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
- Human Example: Homo sapiens vary in height, skin color, and facial features purely due to genetic variability.
- Agricultural Value: High genetic diversity provides critical disease resistance and climate resilience in crop varieties.
Prism Memory Hook
Genes are the internal building blocks of a species.
Species Diversity
How is 'Species Diversity' measured within a specific ecosystem?
How is 'Species Diversity' measured within a specific ecosystem?
DEFINITION
Measuring Species Diversity
- Definition: The variety and variability of different species found in a defined geographical area.
- Measurement Metrics:
- Species Richness: The absolute number of different species present in the ecosystem.
- Species Evenness (Abundance): The relative proportion or number of individuals per species.
- Hotspots: Regions that are exceptionally high in species richness and face significant environmental threats.
Prism Memory Hook
Richness is how many types, Evenness is how many of each type.
Also in this chapter
72 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Ecosystem Diversity
- 5Global Species Estimates
- 6Latitudinal Distribution of Biodiversity
- 7Concept of Endemism
- 8Ecological Role of Biodiversity
- 9Assertion-Reason: Ecosystem Stability
- 10Ecological Services: Pollination
- 11Economic Role of Agro-biodiversity
- 12Scientific & Ethical Conservation
- 13History of Mass Extinctions
- 14Species Half-Life & Historical Extinction
- 15Major Causes of Biodiversity Loss
- 16Historical Over-exploitation
- 17Tropical Rainforest Vulnerability
- 18Population Pressure on Tropical Biomes
- 19Exotic / Alien Species
- 20Alien Species Invasion: Lake Victoria
- 21Concept of Co-extinction
- 22Non-Anthropogenic Threats to Biodiversity
- 23Sensitive / Indicator Species
- 24IUCN Threat Classification
- 25Endangered Species Example: Red Panda
- 26Rare Species Example: Humboldtia decurrens
- 27Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
- 28The Concept of Conservation
- 29World Conservation Strategy
- 30Earth Summit 1992 & The CBD
- 31Primary Goals of the CBD
- 32The Chipko Movement
- 33Mega Diversity Countries
- 34Concept of Biodiversity Hotspots
- 35Global Hotspots Count
- 36Mega Diversity Countries vs. Biodiversity Hotspots
- 37Biodiversity Hotspots of India
- 38In-situ vs. Ex-situ Conservation Approaches
- 39National Parks vs. Wildlife Sanctuaries
- 40Biosphere Reserve Zonation
- 41Types of Ex-situ Storage Facilities
- 42Seed Gene Banks
- 43Tissue Culture Banks
- 44Cryopreservation Technology
- 45The Role of Botanical Gardens
- 46Translocation in Conservation
- 47Map Work: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
- 48Map Work: Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve
- 49Map Work: Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
- 50Map Work: Similipal Biosphere Reserve
- 51Map Work: Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
- 52Map Work: Nokrek Biosphere Reserve
- 53Map Work: Gulf of Mannar & The Dugong
- 54Map Work: Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve
- 55Map Work: Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve
- 56Map Work: Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
- 57Map Work: Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
- 58Map Work: Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
- 59Map Work: Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve
- 60Map Work: Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve
- 61Map Work: Jim Corbett National Park
- 62Map Work: Rajaji National Park
- 63Map Work: Dachigam National Park
- 64Map Work: Dudhwa National Park
- 65Map Work: Keoladeo Ghana National Park
- 66Map Work: Ranthambore National Park
- 67Map Work: Gir National Park
- 68Map Work: Kaziranga National Park
- 69Map Work: Manas National Park
- 70Map Work: Periyar National Park
- 71Map Work: Bandipur National Park
- 72Map Work: Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
- 73Map Work: Guindy National Park
- 74Map Work: Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary
- 75Map Work: Crucial Lakes of India
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11th Fundamentals of Physical Geography
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