Ch 02 - India: Structure and Physiography11th India Physical Environment
Age and Formation of Earth
What is the estimated age of the Earth and the primary forces that have shaped its landforms?
What is the estimated age of the Earth and the primary forces that have shaped its landforms?
The Earth is estimated to be approximately 460 million years old. Its landforms have been shaped over this immense period primarily by:
- Endogenic (internal) forces: Tectonic movements, volcanism.
- Exogenic (external) forces: Weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Prism Memory Hook
460 Million years Earth is old
Northward Drift of the Indian Plate
Describe the tectonic movement of the Indian Plate from its origins to its current position.
Describe the tectonic movement of the Indian Plate from its origins to its current position.
Originally, the Indian plate was located south of the equator, forming part of a larger plate with Australia. Millions of years ago, the plate split; the Australian plate moved southeast, while the Indian plate began a continuous northward drift. This ongoing movement is responsible for tectonic activity, including the continued rise of the Himalayas.
Prism Memory Hook
India went North Aussies went South East
Major Geological Divisions of India
What are the three fundamental geological units of India?
What are the three fundamental geological units of India?
- The Peninsular Block: The oldest and most stable landmass.
- The Himalayas and Peninsular Mountains: Characterized by young, weak, and flexible geological structures.
- The Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain: Formed as a filled geo-synclinal depression.
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PHP Peninsular Himalayas Plains
Also in this chapter
61 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Boundaries of the Peninsular Block
- 5Peninsular Block Characteristics
- 6Structural Comparison: Himalayas vs. Peninsular Block
- 7Formation of Northern Plains
- 8Physiographic Divisions
- 9Himalayan Dimensions
- 10Orientation of the Himalayas
- 11Ranges of the Kashmir Himalayas
- 12Passes of the Kashmir Himalayas
- 13Lakes of the Kashmir Region
- 14Meandering Jhelum
- 15Karewas of Kashmir
- 16Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas
- 17Ranges of Himachal and Uttarakhand
- 18Formation of Duns
- 19Bhotias and Transhumance
- 20Pilgrimage Sites in Uttarakhand
- 21British Hill Stations
- 22Longitudinal Divisions of the Himalayas
- 23Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas
- 24Duars and Tea Cultivation
- 25Arunachal Himalayas
- 26Shifting Cultivation in Arunachal
- 27Himalayan Syntaxial Bends
- 28Biodiversity: Eastern vs. Western Himalayas
- 29Ranges of the Purvanchal
- 30Barak River System
- 31Molassis Basin
- 32Loktak Lake
- 33Bhabar Belt
- 34Tarai Region
- 35Alluvial Deposits: Bhangar vs. Khadar
- 36Regional Alluvial Names in Punjab
- 37Brahmaputra Riverine Islands
- 38The Dhubri Turn
- 39The Great Water Divide
- 40Alluvial Fan Formation
- 41Peninsular Plateau Divisions
- 42Badland Topography
- 43Structural Continuity: Western vs. Eastern Ghats
- 44Highest Peninsular Peaks
- 45Hills of the Eastern Ghats
- 46Absence of Western Deltas
- 47Formation of the Northeastern Plateau
- 48Hills of the Meghalaya Plateau
- 49Marine Origins of the Thar Desert
- 50Barchans in the Desert
- 51Playas in the Desert
- 52Western vs. Eastern Coast Geomorphology
- 53Western Coastal Plain Subdivisions
- 54Kayals of the Malabar Coast
- 55Island Origins
- 56Highest Peaks of Andaman & Nicobar
- 57The Ten Degree Channel
- 58India's Active Volcano
- 59Storm Beaches of Lakshadweep
- 60Origin of Lakshadweep
- 61Gorge vs. Canyon
- 62Peninsular Physiographic Features
- 63Seismic Activity in the Peninsula
- 64Shiwaliks in Nepal
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