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Ch 06 - Natural Hazards and Disasters11th India Physical Environment
Natural Hazard vs. Natural Disaster
What is the core conceptual difference between a Natural Hazard and a Natural Disaster?
What is the core conceptual difference between a Natural Hazard and a Natural Disaster?
DISTINCTION
Potential vs. Consequence
- Natural Hazard: Elements of the physical environment (e.g., active fault lines, steep slopes, volatile weather) that possess the inherent potential to cause harm to human life or property.
- Natural Disaster: This occurs when a hazard actually materializes and causes widespread death, massive loss of property, and severe social disturbance over which the affected community has little control.
- Key Difference: All disasters begin as hazards, but not all hazards escalate into disasters.
Prism Memory Hook
Hazard is the Threat; Disaster is the Event.
Disaster Vulnerability and Scale
What defines 'Vulnerability' in disaster management, and why doesn't a natural hazard always result in a disaster?
What defines 'Vulnerability' in disaster management, and why doesn't a natural hazard always result in a disaster?
CONCEPT
Susceptibility and Human Presence
- Vulnerability Definition: The degree to which a community, structure, or ecosystem is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard.
- Key Factors: It is heavily influenced by construction quality, proximity to hazardous terrain, and socio-economic variables (poverty, dense population).
- The Human Element: A natural event only becomes a disaster when it strikes an area of high population density or significant economic value. A massive magnitude 8 earthquake in an uninhabited desert remains a hazard, not a disaster.
- Formula: Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability.
Prism Memory Hook
No People, No Disaster.
Disaster Management Act, 2005 Definition
How does the Disaster Management Act, 2005 formally and legally define a 'Disaster'?
How does the Disaster Management Act, 2005 formally and legally define a 'Disaster'?
DEFINITION
The Legal Definition
- Nature: A catastrophe, mishap, calamity, or grave occurrence in any area.
- Origin: It can arise from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or severe negligence.
- Impact: It results in substantial loss of life, severe human suffering, or massive damage to property and the environment.
- Threshold Requirement: The event must be of such a severe nature or magnitude that it is beyond the coping capacity of the local community.
Prism Memory Hook
Beyond Coping Capacity.
Also in this chapter
64 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Classification: Atmospheric Disasters
- 5Tectonic Origin of Himalayan Earthquakes
- 6Earthquakes in Peninsular India
- 7Seismic Zone V (Very High Damage Risk)
- 8Seismic Zone IV (High Damage Risk)
- 9Earthquake Consequences: Liquefaction
- 10Bhuj Earthquake (2001)
- 11National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI)
- 12Earthquake Mitigation Measures
- 13Tsunami (Seismic Sea Waves)
- 14Tsunami Wave Dynamics
- 152004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
- 16Challenges in Tsunami Mitigation
- 17Mangroves as Bio-Shields
- 18Prerequisites for Tropical Cyclones
- 19Structure of a Tropical Cyclone: Eye vs. Eyewall
- 20Bay of Bengal vs. Arabian Sea Cyclones
- 21Seasonal Shift of Cyclone Genesis
- 22Storm Surge
- 23Naming of Tropical Cyclones
- 24Cyclone Warning System (INSAT)
- 25Definition of Flood
- 26Anthropogenic Exacerbation of Floods
- 27Rashtriya Barh Ayog (National Flood Commission) Data
- 28Major Flood-Prone States
- 29Anomalous Flash Floods in Arid States
- 30Winter Floods in Tamil Nadu
- 31Urban Flooding vs. Riverine Flooding
- 32Majuli Island
- 33Cloudburst
- 34GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood)
- 35Flood Mitigation Strategies
- 36Inter-Linking of Rivers Project
- 37Meteorological Drought
- 38Agricultural Drought
- 39Ecological Drought
- 40Famine vs. Drought
- 41Extreme Drought Affected Regions
- 42Severe Drought Prone Regions
- 43Long-Term Drought Mitigation
- 44Landslide
- 45Landslide Zone: Very High Vulnerability
- 46Landslide Zone: Moderate to Low Vulnerability
- 47The Malpa Landslide Tragedy
- 48Hazard Zonation Mapping
- 49Landslide Mitigation Strategies
- 50Avalanches
- 51Heat Wave Criteria (IMD)
- 52Cold Wave Criteria (IMD)
- 53Causes of Forest Fires
- 54Biological Disasters
- 55Oil Spills (Man-Made Disaster)
- 56Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
- 57The Disaster Management Cycle
- 58National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
- 59National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
- 60National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
- 61Nodal Ministries: Cyclones, Quakes, and Floods
- 62IMD Weather Warning Color Codes
- 63International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
- 64Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action
- 65Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 66Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
- 67Timeline of Major Indian Disasters
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