Ch 07 - Gravitation11th Physics
Characteristics of Gravitational Force
What are the four primary defining characteristics of Newton's Universal Gravitational Force?
What are the four primary defining characteristics of Newton's Universal Gravitational Force?
Key Characteristics:
- Always Attractive: It is a strictly attractive force; it never repels.
- Central Force: It acts strictly along the line joining the centers of the two interacting bodies.
- Conservative Force: The work done by gravity is totally independent of the path taken.
- Medium Independent: It is completely unaffected by the presence or nature of the intervening medium between the two masses.
Note: It is the weakest of the four fundamental forces in nature.
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Inertial vs. Gravitational Mass
What is the physical difference between Inertial Mass and Gravitational Mass, and how do their magnitudes compare?
What is the physical difference between Inertial Mass and Gravitational Mass, and how do their magnitudes compare?
Inertial Mass ():
- Defined by Newton's Second Law ().
- It measures the body's resistance to being accelerated by an external force and is entirely independent of the presence of other bodies.
Gravitational Mass ():
- Defined by Newton's Law of Gravitation ().
- It measures the gravitational pull experienced by the body due to another massive body (like Earth).
Equivalence:
- Experimentally, inertial mass and gravitational mass are found to be exactly equal in magnitude. This principle of equivalence is a cornerstone of General Relativity.
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Areal Velocity Formula
Areal Velocity Formula
State the mathematical formula for the areal velocity of a planet revolving around the Sun in terms of its angular momentum.
Derivation
Area swept . Dividing by gives . Multiply and divide by mass : .
Variables & Units:
- = Areal Velocity (m/s)
- L = Constant Angular Momentum of the planet (kgm/s)
- m = Mass of the revolving planet (kg)
Conditions/Notes:
- Because both and are constants, the areal velocity remains strictly constant throughout the entire elliptical orbit.
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Also in this chapter
39 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Kepler's Third Law (Law of Periods)
- 5Newton's Law of Gravitation (Vector Form)
- 6Gravitational Shielding Myth
- 7Universal Gravitational Constant (G)
- 8Shell Theorem (Point Outside)
- 9Shell Theorem (Point Inside)
- 10Acceleration Due to Gravity on Earth's Surface
- 11Acceleration Due to Gravity Extremes
- 12Variation of 'g' with Altitude (Exact)
- 13Variation of 'g' with Altitude (Approximation)
- 14Variation of 'g' with Depth
- 15Gravity at the Center of the Earth
- 16Gravitational Field Intensity
- 17Gravitational Field Intensity Formula
- 18Gravitational Potential Energy
- 19Negative Nature of Gravitational Potential Energy
- 20Gravitational Potential Formula
- 21Gravitational Potential
- 22Escape Speed Formula
- 23Kepler's First Law (Law of Orbits)
- 24Orbital Velocity of a Satellite
- 25Kepler's Second Law (Law of Areas)
- 26Escape vs. Orbital Velocity
- 27Time Period of a Satellite
- 28Direction of Areal Velocity
- 29Time Period (Low Altitude Satellite)
- 30Energies of an Orbiting Satellite
- 31Concept of Escape Speed
- 32Binding Energy of a Satellite
- 33Atmospheric Retention (The Moon)
- 34Variation of 'g' due to Earth's Rotation
- 35Time Period of a Satellite (Density Form)
- 36Gravitational Field Inside a Solid Sphere
- 37Gravitational Potential Inside a Solid Sphere
- 38Geostationary Satellites
- 39Principle of Superposition (Gravitation)
- 40Polar Satellites
- 41Weightlessness in Space
- 42Orbital Decay of Satellites
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