Ch 09 - Amines12th Chemistry
Geometry and Hybridization of Amines
What is the hybridization, geometry, and expected bond angle of the nitrogen atom in trimethylamine?
What is the hybridization, geometry, and expected bond angle of the nitrogen atom in trimethylamine?
The nitrogen atom in amines is hybridized. Due to the presence of one unshared electron pair, the geometry is pyramidal. The C-N-C bond angle is , which is less than the standard tetrahedral angle () due to lone pair-bond pair repulsion.
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Reduction of Nitro Compounds
Reduction of Nitro Compounds
State the chemical equation for the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline using the preferred industrial metallic reagent, and explain why this specific reagent is preferred.
Variables & Reagents:
- Reactant: Nitrobenzene
- Reagent: Iron scrap () and Hydrochloric acid ()
Boundary Conditions / Exceptions:
- Why preferred? The formed during the reaction gets hydrolyzed to release . Thus, only a very small catalytic amount of initial is required to initiate the reaction.
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Biologically Active Amines: Medical Applications
Identify the specific amine classification (1°, 2°, or 3°) present in adrenaline, ephedrine, and Benadryl, and state their respective medical uses.
Identify the specific amine classification (1°, 2°, or 3°) present in adrenaline, ephedrine, and Benadryl, and state their respective medical uses.
Adrenaline and ephedrine contain a secondary (2°) amino group and are primarily used to increase blood pressure. Benadryl contains a tertiary (3°) amino group and is widely used as an antihistaminic drug.
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Also in this chapter
30 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Ammonolysis of Alkyl Halides
- 5Stereochemistry: Nitrogen Inversion
- 6Reduction of Nitriles
- 7Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
- 8Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation
- 9Limitations: Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
- 10Physical Properties: Boiling Point Trends
- 11Chemical Properties: Basicity in Gas vs. Aqueous Phase
- 12Acylation of Amines
- 13Chemical Properties: Aqueous Basicity Orders
- 14Carbylamine Reaction (Isocyanide Test)
- 15Chemical Properties: Basicity of Arylamines
- 16Reaction with Nitrous Acid: Aliphatic vs Aromatic
- 17Electrophilic Substitution: Bromination of Aniline
- 18Analytical Application: Nitrous Acid Reaction
- 19Sulphonation of Aniline
- 20Qualitative Test: Hinsberg's Test for Primary Amines
- 21Sandmeyer Reaction (Diazonium Salts)
- 22Qualitative Test: Hinsberg's Test for 2° & 3° Amines
- 23Reduction of Diazonium Salts to Arenes
- 24Hinsberg's Reagent: Traditional vs. Modern
- 25Balz-Schiemann Reaction (Fluorination)
- 26Azo Coupling Reactions
- 27Electrophilic Substitution: Controlled Monobromination
- 28Electrophilic Substitution: Direct Nitration Anomalies
- 29Electrophilic Substitution: Friedel-Crafts Limitation
- 30Reaction with Nitrous Acid: Secondary Amines
- 31Direct Nitration of Aniline: Product Distribution
- 32Azo Coupling: Phenol vs Aniline
- 33Hofmann Mustard Oil Reaction
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