Ch 06 - Control and Coordination10th Science
Need for Coordination
Why do multicellular organisms require a specialized system for control and coordination?
Why do multicellular organisms require a specialized system for control and coordination?
- Integration of Functions: Multicellular organisms have complex, specialized tissues that must work together seamlessly to survive.
- Response to Stimuli: Organisms must accurately detect environmental changes (stimuli) and trigger appropriate, controlled movements.
- Efficiency & Safety: Without coordination, reactions would be chaotic and delayed, leading to potential harm (e.g., failing to withdraw a hand from a hot object in time).
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Anatomy of a Neuron
What are the three primary components of a neuron, and in what exact directional order does an electrical impulse flow through them?
What are the three primary components of a neuron, and in what exact directional order does an electrical impulse flow through them?
- Dendrite: The branched tip that acquires information (stimulus) from the environment or previous cell.
- Cell Body (Cyton/Soma): The main cellular part containing the nucleus, through which the impulse travels next.
- Axon: The long, tail-like structure that carries the electrical impulse away from the cell body towards the nerve endings.
- Direction of Flow: Dendrite Cell Body Axon.
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Dogs Catch Animals (Dendrite -> Cell body -> Axon)
Synaptic Transmission
Since nerve cells are not physically fused together, how does an electrical impulse manage to cross the gap between two neurons?
Since nerve cells are not physically fused together, how does an electrical impulse manage to cross the gap between two neurons?
- The Synapse: The minute physical gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the next is called a synapse.
- Chemical Conversion: Electrical impulses cannot jump empty space. At the axon ending, the electrical impulse triggers the release of specific neurotransmitter chemicals.
- One-Way Bridge: These chemicals diffuse across the synaptic gap and trigger a brand new electrical impulse in the dendrite of the adjacent neuron.
- Note: Because these chemicals are only present at the axon terminal, the synapse acts as a one-way valve, ensuring impulses only travel in one direction.
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Also in this chapter
30 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Functional Types of Neurons
- 5Gustatory vs. Olfactory Receptors
- 6Reflex Action
- 7The Reflex Arc Pathway
- 8Brain's Role in Reflex Actions
- 9Reflex Action vs. Walking
- 10The Human Nervous System (CNS & PNS)
- 11The Forebrain (Cerebrum)
- 12Involuntary Actions (Medulla & Midbrain)
- 13The Cerebellum
- 14Protection of the CNS
- 15Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury
- 16Neuromuscular Movement
- 17Cellular Movement: Plants vs. Animals
- 18Tropic vs. Nastic Movements
- 19Geotropism & Hydrotropism
- 20Chemotropism & Thigmotropism
- 21Mechanism of Phototropism
- 22Plant Growth Promoters
- 23Plant Growth Inhibitors
- 24Chemical vs. Nervous Coordination
- 25Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands
- 26The Hypothalamus & Releasing Hormones
- 27Growth Hormone & The Pituitary Gland
- 28Sex Hormones (Gonads)
- 29Thyroxine & The Role of Iodine
- 30Insulin & Diabetes
- 31Adrenaline & The Fight or Flight Response
- 32Cranial vs. Spinal Nerves (PNS)
- 33Hormonal Feedback Mechanism
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