Ch 08 - Heredity10th Science
Heredity & Genetics
Define the terms 'Heredity' and 'Genetics'. What is the fundamental unit of heredity?
Define the terms 'Heredity' and 'Genetics'. What is the fundamental unit of heredity?
- Heredity: The biological process by which distinct traits and characteristics are reliably passed down from parents to their offspring across generations.
- Genetics: The specialized branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of heredity and the variations inherited by organisms.
- Fundamental Unit: The Gene (a specific section of DNA on a chromosome) is the basic unit of heredity that transfers these characters.
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Gene vs. Allele
In genetic terminology, what is the precise distinction between a 'Gene' and an 'Allele'?
In genetic terminology, what is the precise distinction between a 'Gene' and an 'Allele'?
- Gene: A specific, distinct segment of DNA on a chromosome that acts as a set of instructions to make a specific protein, thereby controlling a particular general trait (e.g., the gene for Plant Height).
- Allele: An alternative form or version of that exact same gene. They occupy the same position (locus) on homologous chromosomes (e.g., the allele for Tallness 'T', or the allele for Shortness 't').
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Genotype vs. Phenotype
Define and differentiate between an organism's Genotype and its Phenotype, providing a simple example.
Define and differentiate between an organism's Genotype and its Phenotype, providing a simple example.
- Genotype: The internal, invisible genetic constitution of an organism. It is the specific description of the genes/alleles present (e.g., TT, Tt, or tt).
- Phenotype: The external, observable physical or morphological appearance of the organism that results from the genotype (e.g., looking Tall or looking Dwarf).
Note: Two organisms can have the exact same phenotype (Tall) but completely different genotypes (TT vs. Tt).
Prism Memory Hook
Genotype = Genes; Phenotype = Physical appearance.
Also in this chapter
29 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
- 5Dominant vs. Recessive Traits
- 6Genetic Control: Haploid vs. Diploid
- 7Inherited vs. Acquired Traits
- 8Accumulation of Variation
- 9Variation & Species Survival
- 10Trait Frequency & Evolutionary Time
- 11Gregor Johann Mendel
- 12Rediscovery of Mendel's Work
- 13Monohybrid Cross Ratios (F2 Generation)
- 14Selection of the Pea Plant
- 15Contrasting Characters in Peas
- 16The Punnett Square
- 17Monohybrid Cross: The F1 Generation
- 18Dihybrid Cross Ratio & Recombination
- 19Mendel's Law of Dominance
- 20Mendel's Law of Segregation
- 21The Test Cross
- 22The Dihybrid Cross
- 23Law of Independent Assortment
- 24Cellular Mechanism of Trait Expression
- 25The 50:50 Probability of Sex
- 26Chromosomes & DNA Constancy
- 27Anatomy of Human Chromosomes
- 28Male vs. Female Chromosomal Genotypes
- 29Mechanism of Human Sex Determination
- 30Environmental Sex Determination
- 31Human Variation: Earlobes
- 32Blood Group Inheritance (Case Study)
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