Ch 03 - Plant Kingdom11th Biology
Artificial vs. Natural Classification
Contrast the Artificial and Natural systems of biological classification and identify their primary proponents.
Contrast the Artificial and Natural systems of biological classification and identify their primary proponents.
- Artificial System (Linnaeus): Based on very few superficial, morphological characters (e.g., habit, leaf shape) or strictly on the androecium structure. It separated closely related species because it gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual traits (which is flawed as vegetative traits are easily affected by the environment).
- Natural System (Bentham & Hooker): Based on natural affinities. It considers not only external features but also internal features such as ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology, and phytochemistry.
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Modern Taxonomic Methods
How do Numerical Taxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, and Chemotaxonomy resolve classification difficulties when fossil evidence is absent?
How do Numerical Taxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, and Chemotaxonomy resolve classification difficulties when fossil evidence is absent?
- Numerical Taxonomy: Uses computers to assign numbers and codes to all observable characters. Data is processed to give equal importance to hundreds of characters simultaneously.
- Cytotaxonomy: Based strictly on cytological information such as chromosome number, structure, and behaviour.
- Chemotaxonomy: Uses the chemical constituents (phytochemistry) of the plants to resolve taxonomic confusions.
Prism Memory Hook
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Types of Sexual Reproduction in Algae
Differentiate between isogamous, anisogamous, and oogamous sexual reproduction in algae, providing examples for each.
Differentiate between isogamous, anisogamous, and oogamous sexual reproduction in algae, providing examples for each.
- Isogamous: Fusion of two gametes similar in size. Can be flagellated/motile (Ulothrix) or non-flagellated/non-motile (Spirogyra).
- Anisogamous: Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size (e.g., Eudorina).
- Oogamous: Fusion of one large, non-motile (static) female gamete with a smaller, motile male gamete (e.g., Volvox, Fucus).
Prism Memory Hook
IAO: Identical (Iso), Asymmetrical (Aniso), Oval & mobile (Oogamous).
Also in this chapter
34 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Flagellation Across Algal Classes
- 5Chlorophyceae (Green Algae)
- 6Economic Importance of Algae
- 7Rhodophyceae (Red Algae)
- 8Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae) & Anatomy
- 9Bryophytes: The Amphibians
- 10Bryophyte Generations: Sporophyte vs. Gametophyte
- 11Ecological & Economic Importance of Bryophytes
- 12Liverworts: Asexual Reproduction
- 13Mosses: Gametophyte Stages
- 14Pteridophytes: Evolutionary Milestone
- 15Pteridophytes: Leaf Types & Strobili
- 16Pteridophytes: The Prothallus Limitation
- 17Pteridophytes: Heterospory & Seed Habit
- 18The Four Classes of Pteridophytes
- 19Gymnosperms: Specialized Symbiotic Roots
- 20Gymnosperms: Xerophytic Leaf Adaptations
- 21Gymnosperms: Dependent Gametophyte
- 22Gymnosperms: Pollination & Naked Seeds
- 23Angiosperms: Double Fertilization
- 24Angiosperm Embryo Sac Structure
- 25Post-Fertilization Events in Angiosperms
- 26Dicots vs. Monocots Morphological Criteria
- 27Size Extremes in Seed Plants
- 28Alternation of Generations: Haplontic Life Cycle
- 29Alternation of Generations: Diplontic Life Cycle
- 30Alternation of Generations: Haplo-diplontic Exceptions
- 31Ploidy Levels Across Plant Groups
- 32Ploidy Levels Across Plant Groups
- 33Chloroplast Morphology in Green Algae
- 34Red Algae: Sexual Reproduction Anomaly
- 35Linnaeus's Artificial Classification
- 36Gymnosperms: Stem Branching & Leaf Persistence
- 37Gymnosperms: Distribution of Strobili
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