Ch 12 - Respiration in Plants11th Biology
Cellular Respiration & Substrates
What is the primary mechanism of cellular respiration, and which macromolecule is considered the 'favoured' respiratory substrate?
What is the primary mechanism of cellular respiration, and which macromolecule is considered the 'favoured' respiratory substrate?
- Cellular Respiration: The breakdown of C-C bonds of complex organic molecules through oxidation within cells, leading to the release of considerable amounts of energy.
- Respiratory Substrates: The compounds oxidized during this process.
- Carbohydrates (specifically Glucose) are the most favoured substrates.
- Fats, proteins, and organic acids can also be respired under specific conditions.
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Respiration vs. Combustion
While both respiration and combustion involve the oxidation of substrates to release energy, what are the three primary biochemical distinctions between them?
While both respiration and combustion involve the oxidation of substrates to release energy, what are the three primary biochemical distinctions between them?
- Cellular Nature: Respiration is a biochemical, enzyme-controlled process occurring inside cells; combustion is a physicochemical, non-cellular process.
- Energy Release: Respiration releases energy in multiple, step-wise reactions; combustion releases energy in a single, rapid, simultaneous step (mostly lost as heat).
- ATP Entrapment: Respiration actively traps released energy in high-energy ATP bonds; combustion does not form ATP.
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Plant Gaseous Exchange
Why do plants lack specialized respiratory organs, and how do they manage gaseous exchange instead?
Why do plants lack specialized respiratory organs, and how do they manage gaseous exchange instead?
- Plants exchange gases via stomata (in leaves) and lenticels (in woody stems).
- Reasons for lacking specialized organs:
- Every plant part takes care of its own gas exchange needs; there is minimal transport of gases from one part to another.
- Plants have a much lower metabolic rate (and lower gas demand) compared to animals.
- Each living cell in a plant is located quite close to the surface, maintaining a short diffusion distance.
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Also in this chapter
32 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Aerobic Respiration Equation
- 5Significance of Step-wise Energy Release
- 6Glycolysis (EMP Pathway)
- 7Entry of Substrates into Glycolysis
- 8ATP Investment Phase of Glycolysis
- 9Glycolysis: Oxidation and NADH Generation
- 10Cleavage in Glycolysis
- 11Substrate-Level Phosphorylation in Glycolysis
- 12Net Energy Yield of Glycolysis
- 13Alcoholic Fermentation
- 14Fates of Pyruvic Acid
- 15Lactic Acid Fermentation
- 16Limitations of Fermentation
- 17Link Reaction (Oxidative Decarboxylation)
- 18Aerobic Respiration: Crucial Events
- 19Krebs Cycle: The First Reaction
- 20Krebs Cycle: Decarboxylation Steps
- 21Krebs Cycle: SLP & FADH2 Generation
- 22Energy Yield of the Krebs Cycle
- 23ETS Complexes I to IV
- 24Mobile Electron Carriers in ETS
- 25Role of Oxygen in ETS
- 26Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
- 27Inhibitors of ETS Complexes
- 28Oxidative vs. Photophosphorylation
- 29Oxidative Phosphorylation & ATP Synthase
- 30Krebs Cycle Summary Equation
- 31ATP Yield per Electron Carrier
- 32Respiratory Balance Sheet
- 33Shuttle Systems & ATP Discrepancy
- 34Amphibolic Pathway
- 35Entry Points of Alternative Substrates
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