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Ch 03 - Human Development11th Psychology
Introduction: Growth vs. Development
How does the psychological concept of growth fundamentally differ from development?
How does the psychological concept of growth fundamentally differ from development?
DISTINCTION
- Growth: Refers specifically to a quantitative increase in physical size, weight, or body proportions. It is easily measurable, generally stops when maturity is attained, and is only one biological part of the broader developmental process.
- Development: Refers to the progressive, orderly, and predictable qualitative and quantitative changes across the entire lifespan. It encompasses physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional domains, involving both growth and eventual decline.
Prism Memory Hook
Growth is Quantitative (Quantity); Development is Qualitative and Quantitative (Overall Quality).
Introduction: Development vs. Maturation
What is the core difference between overall human development and physical maturation?
What is the core difference between overall human development and physical maturation?
DISTINCTION
- Development: Involves complex, interwoven biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes influenced heavily by the external environment, continuing dynamically throughout the entire lifespan.
- Maturation: Refers to physical changes that follow a strict, orderly sequence largely dictated by an internal genetic blueprint. It produces commonalities in human growth (e.g., walking by age one) and cannot be significantly accelerated by environmental practice if the biological system is not ready.
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Life-Span Stages: Developmental Tasks
What are 'developmental tasks' in the context of human life stages?
What are 'developmental tasks' in the context of human life stages?
DEFINITION
- Definition: Specific patterns of behaviour, physical skills, and cognitive accomplishments that are expected by society to be successfully learned and mastered during a particular stage of human development.
- Everyday Example: Learning to walk by the first year and talking by the second year are universally expected developmental tasks for the infancy stage.
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Also in this chapter
54 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Evolution vs. Human Development
- 5Life-Span Perspective: Plasticity
- 6Life-Span Perspective: Multidirectional Development
- 7Life-Span Perspective: Historical Conditions
- 8Heredity: Genotype vs. Phenotype
- 9Heredity vs Environment: Setting Biological Limits
- 10Heredity & Environment: Sandra Scarr's Observation
- 11Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: Microsystem
- 12Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: Mesosystem
- 13Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: Exosystem
- 14Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: Macrosystem
- 15Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: Chronosystem
- 16Durganand Sinha's Ecological Model: The Visible Layer
- 17Durganand Sinha's Ecological Model: The Surrounding Layer
- 18Prenatal Stage: Teratogens
- 19Childhood Physical Development: Cephalocaudal Trend
- 20Childhood Physical Development: Proximodistal Trend
- 21Infancy Motor Development: Reflexes
- 22Infancy Reflexes: Rooting and Moro
- 23Infancy Reflexes: Grasp and Babinski
- 24Infancy Sensory Abilities: Vision Development Timeline
- 25Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage: Object Permanence
- 26Attachment Theory: Harlow's Monkey Experiment
- 27Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Trust vs. Mistrust
- 28Piaget's Preoperational Stage: Egocentrism
- 29Piaget's Preoperational Stage: Animism
- 30Piaget's Preoperational Stage: Centration
- 31Piaget's Preoperational Stage: Intuitive Thought
- 32Piaget's Cognitive Stages: The Clay Ball Experiment
- 33Piaget's Stages: Concrete Operational Thought
- 34Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Initiative vs. Guilt
- 35Childhood Socio-emotional Development: Self-Understanding
- 36Childhood Development: Sex vs. Gender
- 37Childhood Socialisation: Gender Typing
- 38Dependence vs. Independence Training in Gender Socialisation
- 39Kohlberg's Moral Development: Pre-Conventional Level
- 40Kohlberg's Moral Development: Conventional Level
- 41Kohlberg's Moral Development: Post-Conventional Level
- 42Primary vs. Secondary Sexual Characteristics
- 43Adolescent Physical Development: Menarche
- 44Piaget's Stages: Formal Operational Thought
- 45Formal Operational Stage: Hypothetical Deductive Reasoning
- 46Adolescent Egocentrism: Imaginary Audience
- 47Adolescent Egocentrism: Personal Fable
- 48Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
- 49Adolescent Identity Formation: Vocational Commitment
- 50Adolescent Challenges: Delinquency
- 51Adolescent Challenges: Substance Abuse
- 52Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia
- 53Early Adulthood: Novice Phase
- 54Adulthood Cognitive Changes: Memory vs. Wisdom
- 55Old Age: Successful Ageing
- 56Late Adulthood: Coping with Loss
- 57Cultural Context of Late Adulthood: Views on Death
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