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Ch 06 - Human Memory11th Psychology
Nature of Memory
What is the formal psychological definition of memory?
What is the formal psychological definition of memory?
DEFINITION
- Definition: Memory is the cognitive process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information over a period of time to perform various tasks.
- Everyday Example: Recalling a friend's telephone number or remembering how to ride a bicycle years after initially learning the skill.
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Stages of Memory: Encoding
What is the primary function of the encoding stage in memory processing?
What is the primary function of the encoding stage in memory processing?
CONCEPT
- Encoding is the initial stage of memory where incoming sensory information is registered and recorded for the first time.
- During this stage, external stimuli generate neural impulses in the brain, which are then translated into a usable mental construct or meaning.
- This translation is essential for the information to be processed further into storage.
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ESR: Encoding (Entering), Storage (Saving), Retrieval (Recalling).
Stages of Memory: Storage
What role does the storage stage play in the memory process?
What role does the storage stage play in the memory process?
CONCEPT
- Storage is the second stage of memory processing, directly following encoding.
- It involves the retention of encoded information over a varying period of time (from fractions of a second to a lifetime).
- Effective storage creates a durable physical or chemical trace in the nervous system, ensuring the registered information is preserved for future use.
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Also in this chapter
48 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Stages of Memory: Retrieval
- 5Information Processing Approach
- 6Atkinson & Shiffrin's Stage Model
- 7Sensory Memory Characteristics
- 8Iconic vs. Echoic Memory
- 9Short-Term Memory (STM) Characteristics
- 10Sensory Memory vs. Short-Term Memory
- 11Long-Term Memory (LTM) Characteristics
- 12STM & LTM Encoding Flexibility
- 13Control Processes: Selective Attention
- 14Control Processes: Maintenance Rehearsal
- 15Control Processes: Elaborative Rehearsal
- 16Maintenance vs. Elaborative Rehearsal
- 17Expanding Capacity via Chunking
- 18Shallice & Warrington's Patient KF
- 19Baddeley's Working Memory Model
- 20Working Memory: Phonological Loop
- 21Working Memory: Visuospatial Sketchpad
- 22Working Memory: Central Executive
- 23Levels of Processing Theory
- 24Levels of Processing: Structural Level
- 25Levels of Processing: Phonetic Level
- 26Levels of Processing: Semantic Level
- 27Declarative vs. Procedural Memory
- 28Episodic vs. Semantic Memory
- 29Types of Long-Term Memory: Implicit Memory
- 30Long-Term Memory: Autobiographical Memory
- 31Memory Phenomena: Childhood Amnesia
- 32Memory Phenomena: Flashbulb Memories
- 33Measuring Memory: Free Recall vs. Recognition
- 34Sentence Verification Task
- 35Measuring Implicit Memory: Priming Method
- 36Ebbinghaus's Forgetting Curve
- 37Trace Decay (Disuse Theory)
- 38Interference Theory
- 39Proactive vs. Retroactive Interference
- 40Measuring Retroactive Interference
- 41Measuring Proactive Interference
- 42Retrieval Failure Theory
- 43Anxiety-Induced Retrieval Failure
- 44Repressed Memories
- 45Memory Disorders: Fugue State
- 46Brenda Milner's Patient H.M.
- 47Memory as a Constructive Process
- 48Enhancing Memory: The Keyword Method
- 49Enhancing Memory: Method of Loci
- 50Enhancing Memory: First Letter Technique
- 51Memory Improvement: PQRST Method
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