Ch 04 - Principles of Inheritance and Variation12th Biology
Inheritance vs. Variation
What are the fundamental biological definitions of 'Inheritance' and 'Variation' in the context of genetics?
What are the fundamental biological definitions of 'Inheritance' and 'Variation' in the context of genetics?
- Inheritance: The biological process by which characters are passed on from parent to progeny; it is the fundamental basis of heredity.
- Variation: The degree by which progeny differ morphologically, physiologically, or cytologically from their parents.
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Mendel's Experimental Organism
What were the biological and experimental advantages that led Gregor Mendel to select the garden pea (Pisum sativum) for his hybridization experiments?
What were the biological and experimental advantages that led Gregor Mendel to select the garden pea (Pisum sativum) for his hybridization experiments?
Mendel chose the garden pea due to several strict experimental advantages:
- Presence of many distinct contrasting characters.
- A short life span, allowing rapid study of multiple generations.
- Bisexual flowers that naturally undergo self-pollination.
- Extremely easy to artificially cross-pollinate (emasculation) to produce fertile hybrids.
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True-Breeding Line
In Mendelian genetics, what exactly qualifies a plant line as a 'true-breeding' line?
In Mendelian genetics, what exactly qualifies a plant line as a 'true-breeding' line?
A true-breeding line is one that has undergone continuous self-pollination for several generations.
- Significance: It shows stable trait inheritance and expression without variation, meaning it is homozygous for the specific traits being observed.
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Also in this chapter
41 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Mendel's 7 Contrasting Traits
- 5Gene vs. Allele
- 6Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
- 7F1 Generation Observations
- 8Mendel's First Law: Law of Dominance
- 9Monohybrid Cross F2 Ratios
- 10Mendel's Second Law: Law of Segregation
- 11Binomial Expression of Monohybrid Cross
- 12The Test Cross
- 13Incomplete Dominance
- 14Incomplete Dominance F2 Ratios
- 15Co-dominance
- 16Multiple Alleles
- 17Law of Independent Assortment
- 18Dihybrid Cross F2 Ratio
- 19Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- 20Linkage (T.H. Morgan)
- 21Genetic Recombination
- 22Gene Mapping (Sturtevant)
- 23Polygenic Inheritance
- 24Pleiotropy
- 25Male vs. Female Heterogamety
- 26XO Type Sex Determination (Insects)
- 27Haplodiploid Sex Determination in Honey Bees
- 28Point vs. Frameshift Mutation
- 29Pedigree Analysis & Etymology
- 30Consanguineous Marriage Symbol
- 31Sickle-Cell Anaemia Mutation
- 32Mendelian vs. Chromosomal Disorders
- 33Haemophilia (Bleeder's Disease)
- 34Genetics of Colour Blindness
- 35Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- 36Thalassemia vs. Sickle-Cell Anaemia
- 37Genetic Loci of Thalassemia Types
- 38Aneuploidy vs. Polyploidy
- 39Mendelian Gamete and Zygote Formulas
- 40Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- 41Recombination Frequency & Map Distance
- 42Klinefelter's Syndrome
- 43Turner's Syndrome
- 44Cri-du-chat Syndrome (5p- Syndrome)
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