Ch 07 - Human Health and Disease12th Biology
Disproving the 'Good Humor' Hypothesis
How did William Harvey use experimental medicine to definitively disprove the ancient 'good humor' hypothesis of health?
How did William Harvey use experimental medicine to definitively disprove the ancient 'good humor' hypothesis of health?
- The Hypothesis: Early Greeks (Hippocrates) and Indian Ayurveda asserted that health was a balance of 'humors', and persons with 'blackbile' naturally had hot personalities and fevers.
- The Disproof: William Harvey discovered blood circulation and used a thermometer to demonstrate that individuals with 'blackbile' possessed a completely normal body temperature, thereby disproving the hypothesis.
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Typhoid Fever: Pathogen, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Outline the pathogenesis and severe symptoms of Salmonella typhi, the diagnostic test used for confirmation, and the famous historical instance of its asymptomatic transmission.
Outline the pathogenesis and severe symptoms of Salmonella typhi, the diagnostic test used for confirmation, and the famous historical instance of its asymptomatic transmission.
- Route: Enters the small intestine via contaminated food/water and migrates to other organs through blood.
- Severe Symptoms: Sustained high fever ( to ), weakness, stomach pain. In severe cases, it leads to intestinal perforation and death.
- Confirmation: Confirmed exclusively by the Widal test.
- Typhoid Mary: Mary Mallon, a cook, was a classic asymptomatic carrier who spread the disease for years through food preparation.
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Pneumonia vs. Common Cold
Anatomically and etiologically, what is the primary distinction between the infection sites of Pneumonia and the Common Cold?
Anatomically and etiologically, what is the primary distinction between the infection sites of Pneumonia and the Common Cold?
- Pneumonia: Pathogens (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae) infect the deep alveoli (air-filled sacs) of the lungs, causing them to fill with fluid.
- Common Cold: Pathogens (Rhino viruses) strictly infect the nose and respiratory passage, but crucially do not infect the lungs.
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Also in this chapter
51 more cards to study in Prism
- 4Plasmodium: The Infectious Stage
- 5Dual Hosts of Plasmodium
- 6The Malarial Toxin: Haemozoin
- 7Malignant Malaria
- 8Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery)
- 9Ascariasis vs. Filariasis
- 10Fungal Pathogens of Ringworm
- 11Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquito
- 12Antibody Molecular Structure
- 13Biological Control of Mosquitoes
- 14The 4 Barriers of Innate Immunity
- 15Primary vs. Anamnestic Response
- 16Humoral vs. Cell-Mediated Immunity
- 17Active vs. Passive Immunity
- 18Natural Passive Immunity in Infants
- 19Emergency Passive Immunisation
- 20Principle of Vaccination
- 21Recombinant DNA Vaccines
- 22Mechanism of Allergies
- 23Pharmacological Treatment of Allergies
- 24Auto-immune Diseases
- 25Basis of Graft Rejection
- 26Primary vs. Secondary Lymphoid Organs
- 27The Thymus and Aging
- 28Functions of the Spleen
- 29Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
- 30Causative Agent of AIDS
- 31Transmission Routes of HIV
- 32HIV Replication in Macrophages
- 33Immunodeficiency in AIDS
- 34Diagnostic Test for AIDS
- 35Contact Inhibition
- 36Benign vs. Malignant Tumors
- 37Metastasis
- 38Cellular Oncogenes (c-onc)
- 39Hallucinogenic Plants
- 40Radiography: CT vs. MRI
- 41Immunotherapy in Cancer
- 42Addiction vs. Dependence
- 43Opioids: Heroin (Smack)
- 44Cannabinoids
- 45Coca Alkaloid (Cocaine)
- 46Physiological Effects of Nicotine
- 47Typhoid Mary
- 48Smoking and Oxygen Deficiency
- 49Pathologies Associated with Smoking
- 50Risks of Intravenous Drug Abuse
- 51Side-effects of Anabolic Steroids in Males
- 52Source of LSD
- 53Side-effects of Anabolic Steroids in Females
- 54Drugs Abused in Sports
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12th Biology
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